Intresting international borders

Most of the time, a border is an imaginary line that isn’t remarkable in any way, usually not even readily visible. More often than not, the only indication you’ll get when you’re crossing one is a sign. Some borders, however, are more unusual. Here is a list, in no particular order, of nine border areas that are somehow peculiar or noteworthy.

The Information Age was supposed to knock down the barriers that divided the global population, but as it turns out, many parts of the globe have no interest in being part of an international community -- at least not one that includes their closest neighbor.

The tensions along the lengthy U.S.-Mexico border have been drawn taut lately, due in part to Arizona's recent legislation and newly proposed bills that call into question the central constitutional tenet that any child born in the U.S. is a citizen.

And international borders promise to remain a pertinent topic in 2011, with the election in Sudan this Sunday that will decide the long-disputed secession question between the country's northern and southern states.

As border disputes continue to redraw state lines, we're bringing you the information men should know about international borders.

1- International borders can be found in airports, oceans and even a cafe

The first thing you didn't know about international borders is that they can be found in some strange places.

We might imagine the strictly drawn lines of a modern map as helping us to understand borders, and while they may help, in reality, today's international borders aren't what they used to be. Long gone are the days when emperors in China and Rome could build a literal wall (the fallen one in Berlin, notwithstanding). Today, many airports and seaports constitute international borders as real and as tightly controlled as borders that are established along geographical features (lakes, oceans and mountain ranges, for instance). You can even straddle a border that's literally been marked into the ground: A café in the Netherlands marks its border with Belgium with a series of Xs right outside its front door.

2- One river forms the international boundary for 10 countries

As a natural border, nothing seems to make as much common sense as a river, and few do it with so much beauty as the famed Danube, the longest river in the European Union. It begins in Germany and runs all the way to the Black Sea.

In winding its way through some of Europe's most beautiful landscapes, the Danube also contributes to the borders of some 10 countries: Romania, Hungary, Austria, Germany, Slovakia, Serbia, Croatia, Ukraine, Bulgaria, and Moldova.

3- Almost every country has an ongoing international border dispute

Another thing you didn't know about international borders is how few of them are beyond dispute.

No source of information on world borders is more often updated with more accurate information than the online CIA Factbook. Its field listing of international disputes broadly addresses everything from fresh unilateral claims to age-old bilateral disputes, on land and at sea, on paper and in practice.

The forward-thinking standout is the political entity the European Union. In 1997 the Treaty of Amsterdam largely dissolved the geopolitical borders between its 22 member states, permitting free movement for its citizens and setting an example for the rest of the world.

4- The Korean DMZ has also served as a tourist destination

Almost without question, the Korean Demilitarized Zone (DMZ) between North and South Korea stands as the world's most intense and potentially dangerous international border. U.S. and South Korean troops often exchange fire with troops in North Korea, and tensions are always running high. Curiously, this has also made the DMZ a tourist trap. North Korea, in desperate need of revenue, has on many occasions opened up parts of its side to tourist groups from Japan, and groups in South Korea have done the same, with each using the opportunity to press their politics and amp up the propaganda.

5- Almost 400 die along one international border every year

The last thing you didn't know about international borders is just how deadly some can be, or at least one in particular.

In the mid-1990s, the United States launched Operation Gatekeeper, a policy of tightened control over the border shared with Mexico. According to the American Civil Liberties Union (ACLU), this policy has resulted in the border deaths of over 5,600 Mexican immigrants in the last 15 years, or just under 400 people each year.

A similar battle of statistics has heated up between the two countries in the wake of the most recent events, as authorities on both sides fired off statistics designed to suggest that the other side was more responsible. Mexican authorities claimed that the number of countrymen killed or wounded by U.S. border patrol agents has risen from 5 in 2008 to 17 in the first half of 2010. In response, Border Patrol counterclaimed that its agents are the subjects of dozens of assaults every year along the border, with the heaviest activity taking place at the El Paso-Juarez crossing.

Spain/Morocco Border

Ceuta is an 18.5 square kilometres (7.1 sq mi) autonomous city in Spain and an exclave located on the north coast of North Africa, surrounded by Morocco. Separated from the Iberian peninsula by the Strait of Gibraltar, Ceuta lies on the border of the Mediterranean Sea and the Atlantic Ocean. Morocco claims Ceuta, along with the Spanish autonomous city of Melilla, and a number of Mediterranean islands which border it, which has led Spain to erect a 3 meter high border fence around the city topped with barbed wire.

Baarle-Nassau/Baarle-Hertog

Baarle-Nassau is a Municipality in the Netherlands. It shares an unusual border with the Belgian municipality of Baarle-Hertog. Baarle-Hertog consists of 26 separate pieces of land surrounded by Baarle-Nassau, but some portions of Baarle-Hertog also contain areas belonging to Baarle-Nassau. The smallest parcel belonging to Belgium is only two-thirds of an acre (one-quarter of a hectare). The border is so complicated that there are even some houses that are bisected by it. In the picture above you can see the Netherlands on the left and Belgium on the right.

Bir Tawil

Bir Tawil is a plot of land about 795 square miles (2,060 square kilometers) in size. It lies between Egypt and Sudan. It was inadvertently created in 1902, when the United Kingdom drew a different border from the one that was created in 1899. The two different borders created two different areas, Bir Tawil and Halaib.

Halaib has various resources, making it desirable, but Bir Tawil has nothing. Therefore, Egypt claims the 1899 border, which gives Halaib to Egypt and Bir Tawil to Sudan. Sudan, conversely, claims the 1902 border, which gives Halaib to Sudan and Bir Tawil to Egypt. Each country insists that Bir Tawil belongs to the other, making Bir Tawil the only piece of land in the world (outside of Antarctica) that is not claimed by any nation.

Mount Everest

What’s Mount Everest doing on this list, you may ask? Everyone knows, of course, that it’s the tallest mountain in the world, but what a lot of people don’t know is that the border of Nepal and China goes right through the middle of the mountain, including the peak itself — making it not just the highest mountain, but also the highest border area.

District of Columbia

The District of Columbia was originally a big diamond carved out of Maryland and Virginia (later, the Virginia portion was returned to Virginia). Due to its size, shape and location, the border has some unusual features. When it was originally delineated, large stones were placed one mile apart around the entire District to define the border — one hundred stones in all, since the original district was ten miles long on each side. A few of the stones are missing today, but most are still present. There’s one in Silver Spring, Maryland, that marks the northernmost point of the District.

The border is unusual in other ways as well. Eastern Avenue and Western Avenueform the Northeast and Northwest borders, respectively. If you’re walking on the sidewalk on the northern side of the street, you’re in Maryland; the street itself is in the District, and the curb is the state line. Stores on one side of the street showing phone numbers in their windows will have one area code (for Maryland) on the north side of the street, and a different area code (for the District) on the south side.

Derby Line, Vermont

The town of Derby Line straddles the US/Canada border. The border passes right through the town, even through some buildings and homes. In some cases, a family at home cooks its meals in one country and eats them in the other. Derby Line is also home to the Haskell Free Library and Opera House, which was purposely built on the border. The opera stage is in Canada, but the entrance to the opera, and most of the stage seats, are in the United States. Because the building straddles the border, it has two mailing addresses, one for the US and one for Canada.

Cooch-Behar District

The Cooch-Behar District has borders somewhat similar to the Baarle-Nassau/Baarle-Hertog border. There are a number of parcels under Bangladeshi jurisdiction that lie inside of India, and vice versa. An additional peculiarity is the Indian area Balapara Khagrabari. As an exclave, it is surrounded by Bangladeshi territory. However, it also surrounds another Bangladeshi territory, and that territory itself surrounds yet another Indian territory, Dahala Khagrabari, making it the only place in the world where an exclave contains an exclave that itself contains yet another exclave.

Korean Demilitarized Zone

The Korean DMZ is a strip of land about 160 miles (258 kilomters) long and 2.5 miles (4 kilometers) wide, dividing North and South Korea. It is the most heavily militarized border in the world. Because it is so heavily guarded and almost nobody ever enters it, it has inadvertently created a nature preserve. A number of highly endangered species have taken up residence there, and there are indications that some of them may even be increasing in population. The DMZ is also notable in that it does not delineate a border per se; rather, it surrounds a “Military Demarcation Line”, or MDL. A border between the two Koreas cannot be formally agreed upon, as the two nations are technically still at war. A cease-fire was agreed on in 1953, but there has never been an actual peace treaty.

Tumen River

The Tumen is a river in Northeastern Asia. In an area near the coast, on the border between Russia and North Korea, just to the south of Lake Khasan, the Tumen snakes down between Russia and North Korea and is actually in Chinese territory. Thus, in this area, you can start off in North Korea, and just by walking North for less than half a mile, you will pass through China and end up in Russia. Although that might not be a good idea. It’s a common place for North Koreans to attempt to defect and, for that reason, it is heavily patrolled by North Korean soldiers.

The Diomedes

The Diomedes are a pair of islands in the Bering Strait. Little Diomede hosts the American city of Diomede, with a population of 146. Big Diomede belongs to Russia and is uninhabited. The two islands are only about 2.5 miles (four kilometers) apart. The International Date Line passes between the Diomedes and serves also as the border between the United States and Russia. Thus, when residents on Little Diomede look across the strait at Big Diomede, they are not just looking at another country, they are “looking into tomorrow”; for example, when it is 9 AM on Saturday on Little Diomede, it is 6 AM on Sunday on Big Diomede. Little Diomede has set up a webcam looking across the strait. Visitors can control the camera, panning from side to side and zooming in on Big Diomede.